Tumor or Infection
Atlanto-Axial Instability
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Fracture
Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency
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Cord-compression;
Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) invovlement
- Wide base or ataxic gait
- Clumsy hands
- Hyperreflexive DTR
- Positive Babinski
- Positive Hoffman sign
- Inverted supinator sign
- Positive Clonus
- Hypertonia of muscle of upper and lower extremities
- Impaired sensory with non- dermatomal distributions in upperand lower extremities
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