CARDIOVASCULAR
ANGINA/MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Cervical spine disorders can often be present when there is pain in the upper anterior chest and scapular areas. This can be similar to true angina pectoris, which can involve anterior chest pain and cervical intervertebral disc diseases, ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), or other spinal disorders. This can also be referred to as “cervical angina.” Suspicion of cervical angina requires involvement of C6, C7 nerve roots as well as angina symptoms. Patients are often misdiagnosed with coronary artery disease.
PULMONARY
LUNG CANCER
TRACHEOBRONCHIAL IRRITATIOn
- Trauma
- Thyroid cancer
- Foreign
- Mediastinal mass
- Tracheal cysts
Renal/Urological
Renal osteodystrophy describes the changes in bone physiology seen in renal failure. These changes resulted in mild neurological sequelae that were effectively managed medically, and are newly investigated in the cervical spine.
Gastrointestinal
- Esophagitis
- Esophageal cancer
Gynecologic
Other
- Infection
- Vertebral osteomyelitis
- Meningitis
- Lyme Disease
- Retropharyngeal abscess; epidural abscess
- Osteoporosis
- Fibromyalgia
- Psychogenic
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Fracture
- Viral myalgias
- Heaviness of the head, and associated headaches
Fitzgerald G. Thoracic outlet syndrome of pectoralis minor etiology mimicking cardiac symptoms on activity: a case report.
Hadley MN. Renal osteodystrophy of the cervical spine: neurosurgical implications.
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